The former player: 'I really hoped to continue my rugby career'
Warning: This piece contains descriptions of discriminatory language and behaviour
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell states that going public to reveal racial discrimination in professional rugby brought his career to an early end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the game, showing digital communications and recalling training ground "comments" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to retire because of what went on," he explained to reporters.
"I really hoped to continue playing, of course I did. I sought that, and it fell through when news emerged that there were investigations underway.
"That was challenging - I had to just come to terms with the outcome and accept that this entire process is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization investigation in 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "on the balance of probability", but said it could not collect enough proof to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was controversially excluded for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to journalists he also encountered discrimination within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him win 15 appearances after his first game in February 2014.
"I've had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the issue that I've myself suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just begin to think that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was eventually spurred to speak out after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the professional level and to the implementation of an action plan for the professional game."
"We has placed considerable focus on diversity and inclusion in rugby union and a substantial amount of work undertaken both before and after Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his encounters of racism and classism," it added.
"The organization are ongoing work with clubs and partners in the professional game to work for a culture of acceptance but acknowledge this takes time and is an ongoing process."
Every Prem and women's rugby club now has face-to-face education on building welcoming environments, with its effectiveness monitored via specific documentation and surveys.
All England players, including youth squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to intervene and defend others from damaging conduct.
"You should be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this impact on you and finished your career, but in our eyes, you have achieved so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away soon after the filming of the film, and his sister passed away recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the game more accessible.
His charitable organization works to reach children in under-served communities and help them thrive both on the field with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if nobody else is willing to tell their experience then I'll continue to advocate for that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he explained.
"We have an responsibility to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the longer I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable fellow players will become about discussing their personal stories as well.
"I take the challenge by the opportunity and continue bearing this banner and continue carrying this weight and do what I can to create opportunities and make the game more appealing and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly believe that rugby has the potential to transform their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in November 2022